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Showing posts with label Improbable Research. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Improbable Research. Show all posts

Monday, October 4, 2010

IgNobel 2010: El sexo entre vampiros y los banqueros de Lehman Brothers, entre los premios Nobel alternativos



La 20 edición de los galardones que "hacen reir, y después pensar" reconocen este año una decena de logros en diferentes disciplinas


                       
   
Un equipo científico chino-británico ha obtenido el distinguido premio IgNobel 2010en biología por su trabajo titulado La felación entre los vampiros de la fruta prolonga el tiempo de cópula, publicado en la revista electrónica Plos One. En la disciplina de salud pública, unos estadounidenses destacan por su trabajo experimental sobre los microbios que trepan a la barba de los científicos. En economía, y de plena actualidad, los dirigentes de un puñado de bancos, incluido Lehman Brothers, reciben el galardón por "crear y estimular nuevas vías de invertir dinero, vías que maximizan las ganancias y minimizan los riesgos financieros en la economía mundial, o en parte de ella". Son algunos de los Nobel alternativos entregados en una animada ceremonia en la Universidad de Harvard, a la que asistieron ocho de los 10 galardonados "costeándose ellos mismos el viaje", puntualiza la organización, para recibir las distinciones. Entregaron los premios cinco Nobel de los de verdad.

Ha sido la 20 edición de estos premios que, como define su impulsor y animador, Marc Abrahams, "pretenden honrar los logros que hacen que la gente primero se ría y luego piense". Eso sí, tienen que ser trabajos auténticos, no ideas descabelladas que no pasan de eso, de ideas. Entre los investigadores de todo el mundo, a la revista Annals of Improbable Research, que concede cada año estas distinciones, no le falta materia prima para elegir.

En 2010, según explican en un comunicado los responsables de los premios, han asistido a la ceremonia, celebrada en Sanders Theater de Harvard, 1.200 espectadores que han disfrutado de los discursos, de una ópera -Bacteria- y del constante sobrevuelo de multitud de aviones de papel que tradicionalmente lanza el público durante los actos del IgNobel. En la puerta de la sala, suele haber montones de folios blancos para que cada uno se sirva y vaya creando sus modelos voladores.

De la entrega de los premios se han encargado Sheldon Glashow (Nobel de Física 1979), Roy Glauber (Nobel de Física 2005), Frank Wilczek (Nobel de Física 2004), James Muller (Nobel de la Paz 1985) y William Lipscomb (Nobel de Química 1976).

Palmarés de los IgNobel 2010

- Premio de Ingeniería, por perfeccionar un método para limpiar los mocos a las ballenas mediante un helicóptero de control remoto, a un equipo anglo-mexicano liderado por Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse.
- Premio de Medicina, por descubrir que los síntomas del asma se pueden tratar montando en una montaña rusa, a Simon Rietveld (Universidad de Amsterdam).
- Premio de Transporte, por utilizar la expansión de un moho mucilaginoso para determinar las rutas óptimas del trazado de la red ferroviaria, a un equipo británico japonés, algunos de cuyos miembros ya recibieron el IgNobel en 2008 por demostrar que esos hongos pueden resolver rompecabezas.
- Premio de Física, por demostrar que en invierno, al caminar por senderos helados, la gente resbala y se cae menos si llevan los calcetines por fuera de su calzado, a un equipo neozelandés liderado por Lianne Parkin.
- Premio de la Paz por confirmar la creencia generalizada de que maldecir alivia el dolor, a unos británicos liderados por Richard Stephens.
- Premio de Salud Pública, por determinar experimentalmente que los microbios trepan a los científicos que llevan barba, a Manuel Barbeito y sus colegas, de Estados Unidos.
- Premio de Economía a los directores y ejecutivos de Goldman Sach, AIG, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch y Magnetar, por "crear y estimular nuevas vías de invertir dinero, vías que maximizan las ganancias y minimizan los riesgos financieros en la economía mundial, o para un aparte del mismo".
- Premio de Química por demostrar que no es cierta la vieja creencia de que el agua y el aceite no se mezclan, a un equipo de EEUU dedicado a la modelización de fugas de pozos petrolíferos.
- Premio de Gestión a un grupo italiano por demostrar matemáticamente que las organizaciones serían más eficaces si promocionaran a sus empleados al azar.
- Premio de Biología por demostrar científicamente que "La felación en los vampiros de la fruta prolonga el tiempo de la cópula", a Libiao Zhang y sus colegas chinos y británicos.




ENGLISH



The 2010 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded on Thursday night, September 30, at the 20th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony, at Harvard's Sanders Theatre. The ceremony was webcast live

ENGINEERING PRIZE:

Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse and Agnes Rocha-Gosselin of the Zoological Society of London, UK, and Diane Gendron of Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Baja California Sur, Mexico, for perfecting a method to collect whale snot, using a remote-control helicopter.

REFERENCE: "A Novel Non-Invasive Tool for Disease Surveillance 

of Free-Ranging Whales and Its Relevance to Conservation Programs," Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, Agnes Rocha-Gosselin and Diane Gendron, Animal Conservation, vol. 13, no. 2, April 2010, pp. 217-25.

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse, 

Agnes Rocha-Gosselin, Diane Gendron



MEDICINE PRIZE:


Simon Rietveld of the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Ilja van Beest of Tilburg University, The Netherlands, for discovering that symptoms of asthma can be treated with a roller-coaster ride.

REFERENCE: "Rollercoaster Asthma: When Positive Emotional 

Stress Interferes with Dyspnea Perception," Simon Rietveld and Ilja van Beest, Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 45, 2006, pp. 977–87.

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Simon Rietveld and Ilja van 

Beest


TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PRIZE: 


Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Atsushi Tero, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi of Japan, and Dan Bebber, Mark Fricker of the UK, for using slime mold to determine the optimal routes for railroad tracks.


REFERENCE: "Rules for Biologically Inspired Adaptive Network 

Design," Atsushi Tero, Seiji Takagi, Tetsu Saigusa, Kentaro Ito, 
Dan P. Bebber, Mark D. Fricker, Kenji Yumiki, Ryo Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Science, Vol. 327. no. 5964, January 22, 2010, pp. 439-42.
[NOTE: THE FOLLOWING ARE CO-WINNERS BOTH THIS YEAR 
AND IN 2008 when they were awarded an Ig Nobel Prize for demonstrating that slime molds can solve puzzles: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Ryo Kobayashi, Atsushi Tero]

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Kentaro 

Ito, Atsushi Tero, Mark Fricker, Dan Bebber


PHYSICS PRIZE: 


Lianne Parkin, Sheila Williams, and Patricia Priest of the University of Otago, New Zealand, for demonstrating that, on icy footpaths in wintertime, people slip and fall less often if they wear socks on the outside of their shoes.


REFERENCE: "Preventing Winter Falls: A Randomised Controlled 

rial of a Novel Intervention," Lianne Parkin, Sheila Williams, and Patricia Priest, New Zealand Medical Journal. vol. 122, no, 1298, July 3, 2009, pp. 31-8.

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Lianne Parkin


PEACE PRIZE


Richard Stephens, John Atkins, and Andrew Kingston of Keele University, UK, for confirming the widely held belief that swearing relieves pain.


REFERENCE: "Swearing as a Response to Pain," Richard 

Stephens, John Atkins, and Andrew Kingston, Neuroreport, vol. 20 , no. 12, 2009, pp. 1056-60.

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Richard Stephens


PUBLIC HEALTH PRIZE:


Manuel Barbeito, Charles Mathews, and Larry Taylor of the Industrial Health and Safety Office, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA, for determining by experiment that microbes cling to bearded scientists.


REFERENCE: "Microbiological Laboratory Hazard of Bearded Men," Manuel S. Barbeito, Charles T. Mathews, and Larry A. Taylor, Applied Microbiology, vol. 15, no. 4, July 1967, pp. 899–906. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547091/?tool=pubmed

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Manuel S. Barbeito was unable 

to travel, due to health reasons. A representative read his acceptance speech for him.


ECONOMICS PRIZE:


The executives and directors of Goldman Sachs, AIG, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, Merrill Lynch, and Magnetar for creating and promoting new ways to invest money — ways that maximize financial gain and minimize financial risk for the world economy, or for a portion thereof.


CHEMISTRY PRIZE:


Eric Adams of MIT, Scott Socolofsky of Texas A&M University, Stephen Masutani of the University of Hawaii, and BP [British Petroleum], for disproving the old belief that oil and water don't mix.


REFERENCE: "Review of Deep Oil Spill Modeling Activity Supported by the Deep Spill JIP and Offshore Operator’s Committee. Final Report," Eric Adams and Scott Socolofsky, 2005.
http://www.boemre.gov/tarprojects/377.htm


WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Eric Adams, Scott Socolofsky, and Stephen Masutani


MANAGEMENT PRIZE:


Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, and Cesare Garofalo of the University of Catania, Italy, for demonstrating mathematically that organizations would become more efficient if they promoted people at random.


REFERENCE:The Peter Principle Revisited: A Computational Study,” Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, and Cesare Garofalo, Physica A, vol. 389, no. 3, February 2010, pp. 467-72.

WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda, and Cesare Garofalo


BIOLOGY PRIZE: 


Libiao Zhang, Min Tan, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, and Shuyi Zhang of China, and Gareth Jones of the University of Bristol, UK, for scientifically documenting fellatio in fruit bats.


REFERENCE:"Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time," Min Tan, Gareth Jones, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, Shuyi Zhang and Libiao Zhang, PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 10, e7595.


WHO ATTENDED THE CEREMONY: Gareth Jones

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

The Sleep-Retardant Properties of My Ex-Girlfriend // Improbable Research



by Ryan Shaun Baker
Human-Computer Interaction Institute
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittburgh, Pennsylvania
The importance of a good night’s sleep can not be overestimated. Getting more than 7 hours of sleep a night helps in retention and deep encoding of information, which is essential in graduate school.[1] Also, getting sufficient amounts of sleep results in a better mood and a greater level of happiness.[2]
Given this, I decided to conduct a study on those factors which influenced the amount of sleep I was getting, in order to determine how to get more sleep.
One factor which I predicted would have especially large effects was my girlfriend at the time, Hermina. I have induced that several of my acquaintances believe that Hermina would have significant positive effects on sleep -- in the words of one such acquaintance, Tom, "Man, she’s hot. I’d really like to sleep with her."[3] Other acquaintances have also expressed an interest in her sleep-inducing properties.[4,5]
There are many reasons why one might postulate that Hermina would increase sleep -- the quote above points to an important one, that she is quite hot, being a mammal with a body temperature of around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.[6] A warm blanket has been identified as a source of good sleep[7], and it is quite possible that Hermina performs a similar function.
Figure 1. The amount of sleep I got at my own place, and at Hermina’s place.

Design

Over the course of 28 consecutive nights, I collected data on the number of hours of sleep I obtained, and on a number of factors that might potentially affect the amount of sleep obtained.
These variables included:
• whether or not I had read in bed that night
• whether it was a weeknight or weekend night
• whether I had gone drinking
• whether I had attended a social event
• whether I had been feeling ill the previous day
• whether I had an academic deadline
• whether I was returning a graded homework assignment in the class I TA the next day
• how late in the day my first meeting or class was
• how much sleep I had gotten the night before
• how much sleep I had gotten the previous two nights
• whether or not I had slept at Hermina’s apartment or my own 
I used these variables in order to develop a regression model to explain the amount I slept.

Results

The first step towards developing a regression model of how much sleep I got was to transform all the binary variables (such as whether or not I had slept at Hermina’s apartment) into 0 and 1 so that I could treat them as quantitative variables.
I then conducted a forward-inclusion search for candidate variables in the model as such:
Using a statistical package, I computed Cp, BIC, AIC, RSS, and adjusted r-square metrics for models composed of each of the variables.
The clear best model by each of this metrics was the one composed of where I had slept. It explained 22.3% of the data (adjusted R2=0.223) and the term was significantly different than zero. (ESS=27.79, Edf=1, s2=3.07, F=7.03, p<0.001)
Next, I examined whether a second variable explained more than the effects which were explained by where I slept. 
The best model by each metric was one where I added in as a variable whether or not I had gone on a social outing (including drinking) the night before. However, this term was not significantly different than zero. (ESS=6.5, Edf=1, s2=2.94, F=2.21, p>0.10)
No other term was significant, in further investigations, either when added to the model including where I slept, or in a model by itself.
The final regression model was 
S = -2.018 H + 7.47
In essence, what this model means is that I got an average of two hours and one minute less sleep when I slept at Hermina’s apartment rather than my own. The exact amounts of sleep I got in each condition are shown in Figure 1. This is clear evidence for Hermina’s sleep-retardant properties.

Discussion

After obtaining these results, the appropriate course of action became clear. I spoke to Hermina and explained my study and its results, as well as the importance of getting sufficient sleep, as illustrated in [1] and [2]. I concluded by explaining that, due to her sleep-retardant properties, I could not continue to sleep with her, an act she termed "breaking up."[8]
I should mention that Hermina suggested that my data, being from an observational study rather than an experimental study, only shows correlations rather than causation, and that it was quite possible that I had only chosen to sleep at her apartment on nights when I was less tired, or that I had actually chosen to get less sleep on nights when I had come to her apartment. She proposed that, instead of taking hasty action, we conduct an experimental study where we flip a coin each night to determine whether I would sleep at her apartment or my own, in order to prove a causative effect.
Obviously, I rejected this suggestion. Although this study is insufficient to conclusively prove Hermina’s causative role, this strong a correlation, and the importance of getting enough sleep, are sufficient together to suggest that action needs to be taken expeditiously.
When Tom, whom I mentioned earlier in the paper, discovered that Hermina and I had broken up, he expressed interest anew in sleeping with her. I attempted to warn him about Hermina’s sleep-retardant properties. In response, he referred to me as an "idiot." This clearly demonstrates his lack of understanding of the value of sleep.[1,2] (Although it would be fair to point out that since I only sampled from my own amount of sleep, my results may not generalize to Tom. Nonetheless.)
I would like to conclude by encouraging others to embark on this sort of data-collection activity in their own lives. By helping me identify and eliminate the foremost factor reducing the amount of sleep I get, it has enriched my life. I believe it will enrich your life as well.



Works Cited

1. Are You Getting Enough Sleep? [pamphlet], University of Iowa Student Health, 2001.
2. Wellness: A Lifetime Commitment, Patricia A. Floyd, et al., Hunter Textbooks, 1991.
3. Personal communication, Tom. October 19, 2001.
4. Personal communication, Dick. October 24, 2001.
5. Personal communication, Harry. October 24, 2001.
6. Yahoo! Health: Body Temperature Normals. 2001.
7. "To Be Alive," Seth Schachne. Poem written for Ms. Teifeld’s 8th grade class. Temple Habonim Religious School, Barrington, Rhode Island, 2001.
8. Uncoupling: Turning Points in Intimate Relationships, Diane Vaughan, Vintage Books, 1990.